Atlas of Habitats

colony

0.0585 m³

at 0 m

6.7ºN

[shroomy] mound

earth

mixed

invertebrates

[shroomy] mound

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Introduction

Liberia
Robertsport Shipwreck Trail
6,7499” N, 11,3666” W
08/04/2024, 1:30 pm

These termites are from an Afrotropical subfamily of higher termites called Cubitermitinae, comprising 28 known genera and 147 species. They are primarily soil-feeders, with nests that are often subterranean or found within the mounds of other termite species. The most recognized genus within this subfamily is Cubitermes, known for constructing distinctive, mushroom-shaped epigeal nests. These nests feature caps that protect them from rainfall, showcasing the remarkable adaptability and engineering skills of these termites.

Microclimate

The mounds are strategically oriented from north to south to maximize their thermal efficiency. This design causes the internal temperature to rise quickly in the morning, then level off during the day, preventing overheating, even under the intense midday sun. This natural temperature regulation ensures a stable environment within the mound throughout the day.

Material

Cubitermitinae termites employ a unique mix of materials to construct their nests, including soil, feces, and partly digested plant matter. The soil the termites use is carefully selected and finely processed by them, as they mix it with their saliva and feces, creating a strong, adhesive material. This mixture, rich in organic matter, allows the termites to mold and compact the soil into dense, durable walls that can withstand environmental stressors such as heavy rain and fluctuating temperatures.

Location

Cubitermitinae termites are found across the Afrotropical region, particularly in West and Central Africa, including Liberia. Their habitats range from savannas to forests, where they build their nests either underground, within the mounds of other termite species, or as distinct mushroom-shaped structures on the ground. These termites play a crucial role in the ecosystem, contributing to soil fertility through their feeding and burrowing activities.

Construction

Cubitermitinae termites construct mounds that protrude above the earth's surface, with each nest comprising both animate and inanimate components. These termites are skilled architects, using fecal matter, soil, and plant material to create complex, durable structures. The characteristically mushroom-shaped mounds often feature one or more caps, designed to shield the nest from rainfall. Internally, the termites design the nest to maintain optimal living conditions, including regulated temperatures and humidity.